|
The British Indian Army was the principal army of the United Kingdom commonly known as the British Empire in the present day nations of India, Pakistan, and East Bengal until they were granted independence from the United Kingdom in 1947. It was responsible for the defence of both British India and the Princely states, which were also allowed to have their own armies.〔 Quote: "The British Government has undertaken to protect the dominions of the Native princes from invasion and even from rebellion within: its army is organized for the defence not merely of British India, but of all possessions under the suzerainty of the King-Emperor."〕 The British Indian Army was an important part of the British Empire's forces, both in South Asia and abroad, particularly during the First World War and the Second World War. The term "Indian Army" appears to have been first used informally, as a collective description of the Presidency armies (the Bengal Army, the Madras Army and the Bombay Army) of the Presidencies of British India, particularly after the Bengal Rebellion in Ft. William, Calcutta. The first army officially called the "Indian Army" was units raised by the British authorities under the collective authority of the British Empire in 1903, existing alongside the three long-established presidency armies. However, after 1912 the British Indian Army absorbed these three armies. The British Indian Army should not be confused with the "Indian Army" (post 1947) which is the Indian Army post independence minus the full authority of the "British Army" in India along with all (British Army units, under MOD and sovereign rule under parliament). ==Organisation== The Indian Army has its origins in the years after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, often called the Indian Mutiny in British histories, when in 1858 the Crown took over direct rule of British India from the East India Company. Before 1858, the precursor units of the Indian Army were units controlled by the Company and were paid for by their profits. These operated alongside units of the British Army, funded by the British government in London.〔Harold E. Raugh, ''The Victorians at war, 1815–1914: an encyclopedia of British military history'' (2004) pp 173–79〕 The armies of the East India Company were recruited primarily from Muslims in the Bengal Presidency, which consisted of Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and high caste Hindus recruited primarily from the rural plains of Oudh. Many of these troops took part in the Indian Mutiny, with the aim of reinstating the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II at Delhi, partly as a result of insensitive treatment by their British officers. The meaning of the term "Indian Army" has changed over time: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「British Indian Army」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|